FIGURE 1:

(A) Relative expression of the selected genes in the haploid strain hoQA23 at different stages of alcoholic fermentation. The gene expression in the lag and exponential phases of fermentation at 12°C are shown as a relative value in comparison to the control fermentation at 28°C. Values over 1 indicate higher gene expression at 12°C, whereas those under 1 indicate higher gene expression at 28°C.

(B) Relative expression of the overexpressed genes. The differences in gene expression in the selected overexpressing strains are shown in relation to control hoQA23-pGREG (set as value 1). Values over 1 indicate higher gene expression than the control, whereas values under 1 indicate lower gene expression in comparison to the control.

*The results with statistically significant differences (P-value ≤ 0.05).