FIGURE 4: Alginate-encapsulated yeast cultured in continuously-fed bioreactors exhibit a stable pattern of gene expression in (A) intermediary metabolism, and (B) cell cycle where transcript abundance of glycolytic genes is increased, and that of TCA cycle and cell cycle genes is decreased. Red indicates genes where expression was at least two-fold greater in encapsulated cells than in planktonic cells over the course of 2 weeks culture. Green indicates instances where those values were at least two-fold less. Gray indicates no significant difference in sign or magnitude between planktonic and encapsulated cells (image adopted from Nagarajan et al. 2014 [132]).

132. Nagarajan S, Kruckeberg AL, Schmidt KH, Kroll E, Hamilton M, McInnerney K, Summers R, Taylor T, Rosenzweig F (2014). Uncoupling reproduction from metabolism extends chronological lifespan in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(15): E1538-1547. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1323918111