FIGURE 2: Using single-cell RNA-seq to understand host-pathogen interactions. Pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites can infect hosts and cause various infectious diseases (A). Using scRNA-seq methods enable the study of host and pathogen interactions at a high-resolution level (B-C). The single cell transcriptomes reveal the differentially gene expression map during infection (D), demonstrate the cell heterogeneity and immune cell development (E), uncover the mechanism behind the inflammatory and anti-microbial response (F). The application of scRNA-seq highly contributes to infection research.