FIGURE 1: Schematic diagram of the bacterial flagellar motor (BFM). (A). (left) Cryo-Electron microscopy tomography of the basal body (rotor) of the flagellar motor showing embedded in the inner and outer membrane (pink) and the peptidoglycan layer (yellow) Tomogram from [14]. (right) The motor rotates the filament which drives bacterial propulsion. (B) Bacterial motility exhibiting ‘Run and tumble' dynamics. Counterclockwise rotation of all BFMs correlates to a bacterial run, whereas clockwise rotation leads bacteria to tumble. Dynamics of filament conformational transitions and bundling are described in [11].

11. Darnton NC, Turner L, Rojevsky S, and Berg HC (2007). On Torque and Tumbling in Swimming Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 189(5): 1756–1764. doi: 10.1128/JB.01501-06

14. Thomas DR, Francis NR, Xu C, and DeRosier DJ (2006). The three-dimensional structure of the flagellar rotor from a clockwise-locked mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol 188(20): 7039–7048. doi: 10.1128/JB.00552-06