FIGURE 2: Oriented cell divisions of S. cerevisiae.(A) Each cell division leaves a bud scar that marks the site of division on the mother cell surface and birth scar on daughter cell. Successive divisions produce distinct patterns of bud scars (also called cytokinesis remnants: CRMs). Bud scars can be visualized by scanning electron microscopy (image on the right) or by staining with the dye Calcofluor (as shown in B). Electron micrograph was taken from Ref. [44] with permission. (B) Axial and bipolar patterns of bud-site selection in S. cerevisiae. Red arrows denote the axes of cell polarization. Below, the patterns of bud scars on the yeast cell surface resulting from the different modes of budding are visualized after Calcofluor staining: (a) axial pattern; (b) bipolar pattern; and (c) random budding by a mutant (such as rsr1Δ). Micrographs were published previously [20].

20. Kang PJ, Beven L, Hariharan S, Park H-O (2010). The Rsr1/Bud1 GTPase Interacts with Itself and the Cdc42 GTPase during Bud-Site Selection and Polarity Establishment in Budding Yeast. Mol Biol Cell 21(17): 3007-3016. 10.1091/mbc.E10-03-0232

44. Tong Z, Gao XD, Howell AS, Bose I, Lew DJ, Bi E (2007). Adjacent positioning of cellular structures enabled by a Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein-mediated zone of inhibition. J Cell Biol 179(7): 1375-1384. 10.1083/jcb.200705160