Table 1 Hallmarks of human aging aging in yeast

TABLE 1. Overview of system wide gene expression studies in replicatively aging yeast. Publications covering either transcriptomes (first 8 rows) or proteome (last row) of wild-type aging yeast. General terms of increasing or decreasing changes are taken as described in the original publications. *Ages inferred from hours of cultivation, assuming a two-hour division time. Color code and superscripts associate changes reported in yeast relative to the hallmarks of human aging as seen in Figure 1 and described in the text; ‘G’ genomic instability (red), ‘E’ epigenetic alterations (blue), ‘P’ loss of proteostasis (green), ‘D’ deregulated nutrient sensing (purple), ‘M’ mitochondrial dysfunction (orange).

7. Janssens GE, Meinema AC, González J, Wolters JC, Schmidt A, Guryev V, Bischoff R, Wit EC, Veenhoff LM, Heinemann M (2015). Protein Biogenesis Machinery is a Driver of Replicative Aging in Yeast. eLife 4:e08527. http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.08527

8. Laun P, Ramachandran L, Jarolim S, Herker E, Liang P, Wang J, Weinberger M, Burhans DT, Suter B, Madeo F, Burhans WC, Breitenbach M (2005). A comparison of the aging and apoptotic transcriptome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 5(12):1261-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsyr.2005.07.006

9. Lesur, I., & Campbell, J. L (2004). The transcriptome of prematurely aging yeast cells is similar to that of telomerase-deficient cells. Mol Biol Cell 15(3):1297-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-10-0742

10. Hu Z1, Chen K, Xia Z, Chavez M, Pal S, Seol JH, Chen CC, Li W, Tyler JK (2014). Nucleosome loss leads to global transcriptional up-regulation and genomic instability during yeast aging. Genes Dev 28(4):396-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.233221.113

11. Koc A, Gasch AP, Rutherford JC, Kim HY, Gladyshev VN (2004). Methionine sulfoxide reductase regulation of yeast lifespan reveals reactive oxygen species-dependent and -independent components of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(21): 7999-8004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307929101

12. Lin SS, Manchester JK, Gordon JI (2001). Enhanced Gluconeogenesis and Increased Energy Storage as Hallmarks of Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 276(38): 36000–36007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m103509200

13. Yiu G, McCord A, Wise A, Jindal R, Hardee J, Kuo A, Shimogawa MY, Cahoon L, Wu M, Kloke J, Hardin J, Mays Hoopes L (2008). Pathways change in expression during replicative aging in in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63(1): 21-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.1.21

14. Kamei Y, Tamada Y, Nakayama Y, Fukusaki E, Mukai Y (2014). Changes in transcription and metabolism during the early stage of replicative cellular senescence in budding yeast. J Biol Chem 289(46): 32081–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m114.600528