FIGURE 4: A working hypothesis model for yeast acetic acid-stress response regulation by RTG and CCR pathways.

Exponential glucose-grown cells undergo PCD in response to acetic acid with simultaneous repression of respiration and of RTG pathway. Raffinose-grown cells evade AA-PCD with de-repressed respiration [16] and RTG pathway activation. ADR1 and CAT8 are required for RTG pathway activation through an unknown mechanism (for details see text), showing a key role of SNF1-dependent CCR pathway in carbon source-regulation of mitochondrial RTG pathway. RTG2 may play a function in promoting cell death in repressing conditions when RTG pathway is inactive.

16. Guaragnella N, Zdralevic M, Lattanzio P, Marzulli D, Pracheil T, Liu Z, Passarella S, Marra E, Giannattasio S (2013). Yeast growth in raffinose results in resistance to acetic-acid induced programmed cell death mostly due to the activation of the mitochondrial ret-rograde pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta 1833(12): 2765-2774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.07.017