FIGURE 4: Cell wall structure before and after hyper-osmotic stress. The cell wall is shown as a transmission electron microscopy image (left) and as a schematic drawing (right). After osmotic dehydration (hyper-osmotic shock) the cell wall becomes much more compact and thicker. In the schematic drawing, this is indicated as the β-glucan helical structures acting like springs being compressed. This figure is from [150] and is published with permission from the American Society for Microbiology. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology.

150. Ene IV, Walker LA, Schiavone M, Lee KK, Martin-Yken H, Dague E, Gow NA, Munro CA, Brown AJ (2015). Cell Wall Remodeling Enzymes Modulate Fungal Cell Wall Elasticity and Osmotic Stress Resistance. MBio 6(4): e00986. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00986-15