FIGURE 2: Active host cell lysis by Apicomplexan parasites. The key molecules and the sequence of action during host cell egress by merozoites and gametocytes of Plasmodium and by tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, respectively, are indicated. Question marks indicate steps with ambiguous or unknown interactions. DG, dense granule; EV, egress vesicle; EX, exoneme; HCM, host cell membrane; MN, microneme; N, nucleus; OB, osmiophilic body; PVM, parasitophorous vacuole membrane; RBCM, red blood cell membrane.