Microreviews – Page 8 – Microbial Cell

Microreviews, Review

A plant Bcl-2-associated athanogene is proteolytically activated to confer fungal resistance

Mehdi Kabbage¹, Ryan Kessens¹ and Martin B. Dickman²

This article comments on work published by Li et al. (Plant Cell, 2016), which focuses on the role of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) in plant innate immunity, showing that BAG6 plays a key role in basal plant defense against fungal pathogens.

The molecular and cellular action properties of artemisinins: what has yeast told us?

Chen Sun and Bing Zhou

Artemisinin (ART) or Qinghaosu is a natural compound possessing superior anti-malarial activity. Although intensive studies have been done in the medicinal chemistry field to understand the structure-effect relationship, the biological actions of artemisinin are poorly understood and controversial. This review summarizes what we have learned from yeast about the basic biological properties of ARTs, as well as some key unanswered questions.

Metabolic network structure and function in bacteria goes beyond conserved enzyme components

Jannell V. Bazurto^# and Diana M. Downs

This article comments on work published by Bazurto et al. (MBio, 2016), which demonstrated that conservation of metabolic components was not sufficient to predict network structure and function Escherichia coli.

Chemical proteomics approach reveals the direct targets and the heme-dependent activation mechanism of artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum using an activity-based artemisinin probe

Jigang Wang^1,2,# and Qingsong Lin²

This article comments on work published by Wang et al. (Nat Commun, 2014), which provides insights into the mode-of-action of artemisinin and its specificity against malaria parasites.

Translational repression in malaria sporozoites

Oliver Turque¹, Tiffany Tsao¹, Thomas Li¹ and Min Zhang^1,2

This article comments on work published by Zhang et al. (PLoS Pathog, 2016), which summarizea recent advances in the translational repression of gene expression in the malaria sporozoite.

Chromatin binding and silencing: Two roles of the same protein Lem2

Ramón Ramos Barrales and Sigurd Braun

This article comments on work published by Barrales et al. (Genes Dev, 2016), which identifies the nuclear envelope protein Lem2, a homolog of metazoan lamin-associated proteins (LAPs), as a relevant factor for heterochromatin silencing and perinuclear localization in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

When and where? Pathogenic Escherichia coli differentially sense host D-serine using a universal transporter system to monitor their environment

James P. R. Connolly and Andrew J. Roe

This article comments on work published by Connolly et al. (PLoS Pathog, 2016), which describes the discovery of a functional and previously uncharacterized D-serine uptake system in E. coli.

Signaling pathways and posttranslational modifications of tau in Alzheimer’s disease: the humanization of yeast cells

Jürgen J. Heinisch¹ and Roland Brandt²

In the past decade, yeast have been frequently employed to study the molecular mechanisms of human neurodegenerative diseases, generally by means of heterologous expression of genes encoding the relevant hallmark proteins. Substantial posttranslational modifications of many of these proteins are required for the development and progression of potentially disease relevant changes. We give an overview on common modifications as they occur in tau during AD and discuss potential approaches to humanize yeast in order to create modification patterns resembling the situation in mammalian cells.

The bacterial cell cycle checkpoint protein Obg and its role in programmed cell death

Liselot Dewachter¹, Natalie Verstraeten¹, Maarten Fauvart^1,2 and Jan Michiels¹

This article comments on work published by Dewachter et al. (mBio, 2015), which identified a programmed cell death mechanism in Escherichia coli that is triggered by a mutant isoform of the essential GTPase ObgE.

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Toxin-mediated gene regulatory mechanism in Staphylococcus aureus

December 29, 2016

This article comments on work published by Joo et al. (MBio, 2016), which describes the first molecular regulatory mechanism exerted by an S. aureus toxin, setting a paradigmatic example of how S. aureus toxins may influence cell functions to adjust them to times of toxin production.

NprR, a moonlighting quorum sensor shifting from a phosphatase activity to a transcriptional activator

November 5, 2016

This article comments on work published by Perchat et al. (PLoS Pathog, 2016), which demonstrates that, in the absence of the signaling peptide NprX, the sensor NprR is a dimer, which negatively controls sporulation in Bacillus thuringiensis, independently of its transcription factor activity.

The interaction between herpes simplex virus 1 genome and promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) as a hallmark of the entry in latency

November 4, 2016

This article comments on work published by Maroul et al. (PLoS Pathog, 2016), which demonstrates that the interaction of the viral genomes with the nuclear architecture and specifically the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies is a major determinant for the entry of HSV-1 into latency.

Francisella IglG protein and the DUF4280 proteins: PAAR-like proteins in non-canonical Type VI secretion systems?

October 30, 2016

This article comments on work published by Rigard et al. (PLoS Pathog, 2013), which identified the function of IgIG, a protein of unknown function, encoded within the Francisella Pathogenicity Island.

B cell-helping functions of gut microbial metabolites

September 23, 2016

This article comments on work published by Kim et al. (Cell Host & Microbe, 2016), which showed that the microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulate the metabolism and gene expression in B cells to promote antibody production.

Cryptococcus flips its lid – membrane phospholipid asymmetry modulates antifungal drug resistance and virulence

August 1, 2016

This article comments on work published by Huang et al. (MBio, 2016), which reported that in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans loss of lipid flippase activity sensitized cryptococcal cells to multiple classes of antifungal drugs and abolished fungal virulence in murine models.