Vol. 01, 2014

Loss of wobble uridine modification in tRNA anticodons interferes with TOR pathway signaling

Viktor Scheidt1,#, André Jüdes1,#, Christian Bär1,2,#, Roland Klassen1 and Raffael Schaffrath1

The herein presented data suggest that proper TOR signaling requires intact tRNA modifications and that loss of U34 modifications impinges on the TOR-sensitive NCR branch via Gln3 misregulation.

Measurement of apoptosis by SCAN©, a system for counting and analysis of fluorescently labelled nuclei

Neta Shlezinger1,#, Elad Eizner1,2,#, Stas Dubinchik2, Anna Minz-Dub1, Rachel Tetroashvili1, Adi Reider1, Amir Sharon1

This work reports on a system for analyses of apoptosis-like programmed cell death in fungal hyphae that is composed of several modules, which enable automatic quantification of nuclei with chromatin condensation and DNA strand break in large datasets according to nuclei-associated fluorescent markers.

Rewiring yeast acetate metabolism through MPC1 loss of function leads to mitochondrial damage and decreases chronological lifespan

Ivan Orlandi1,2, Damiano Pellegrino Coppola2 and Marina Vai1,2

This work shows that MPC1-deficient cells make up for their impairment in mitochondrial pyruvate with a metabolic rewiring which involves several intermediates of the mitochondrially localized TCA cycle and the cytosolic glyoxylate shunt but ultimately results in a pro-aging process.

Overexpression of the transcription factor Yap1 modifies intracellular redox conditions and enhances recombinant protein secretion

Marizela Delic1,2, Alexandra B. Graf2,3, Gunda Koellensperger1,4, Christina Haberhauer-Troyer1,4, Stephan Hann1,4, Diethard Mattanovich1,2, Brigitte Gasser1,2

This article investigates the role of Yap1 during the production of recombinant secretory proteins in glucose based growth conditions in Pichia pastoris, and reports a novel role of Yap1 during ER-resident oxidative protein folding.

Functional analysis of lipid metabolism genes in wine yeasts during alcoholic fermentation at low temperature

María López-Malo1,2, Estéfani García-Ríos1, Rosana Chiva1 and José Manuel Guillamon1

This study confirms the importance of specific genes in growth and fermentation activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at low temperature.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers increase tolerance of cells to copper and cisplatin

Pieter Spincemaille1,+, Gursimran Chandhok2,+, Andree Zibert2, Hartmut Schmidt2, Jef Verbeek3, Patrick Chaltin4,5, Bruno P.A. Cammue1,6,#, David Cassiman3, Karin Thevissen1,#

This study reports the identification of the drug class of Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and shows that specific ARBs increase yeast tolerance to Cu and Cp, and affect markers of Cu-induced apoptosis. Likewise, this study finds that specific ARBs increase human cell line tolerance to Cu and decrease the prevalence of apoptotic markers.

Plasmodium spp. membrane glutathione S-transferases: detoxification units and drug targets

Andreas Martin Lisewski

This article comments on work published by Lisewski et al. (Cell, 2014), which reported the first examples of membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism members among Plasmodium spp.

Proline cis-trans isomerization is influenced by local lysine acetylation-deacetylation

Françoise S. Howe and Jane Mellor

This article comments on work published by Howe et al. (Mol Cell, 2014), which shows that local lysine acetylation and deacetylation modulate proline cis-trans isomerization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

An extensive endoplasmic reticulum-localised glycoprotein family in trypanosomatids

Harriet Allison1, Amanda J. O’Reilly1, Jeremy Sternberg2 and Mark C. Field1

This work describes a novel family of type I membrane proteins ("invariant glycoproteins") and proposes them as trypanosomatid-specific ER-localised glycoproteins, with potential contributions to life cycle progression and immunity, that utilise oligomerisation as an ER retention mechanism.

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Loss of wobble uridine modification in tRNA anticodons interferes with TOR pathway signaling

Viktor Scheidt1,#, André Jüdes1,#, Christian Bär1,2,#, Roland Klassen1 and Raffael Schaffrath1

The herein presented data suggest that proper TOR signaling requires intact tRNA modifications and that loss of U34 modifications impinges on the TOR-sensitive NCR branch via Gln3 misregulation.

Measurement of apoptosis by SCAN©, a system for counting and analysis of fluorescently labelled nuclei

Neta Shlezinger1,#, Elad Eizner1,2,#, Stas Dubinchik2, Anna Minz-Dub1, Rachel Tetroashvili1, Adi Reider1, Amir Sharon1

This work reports on a system for analyses of apoptosis-like programmed cell death in fungal hyphae that is composed of several modules, which enable automatic quantification of nuclei with chromatin condensation and DNA strand break in large datasets according to nuclei-associated fluorescent markers.

Rewiring yeast acetate metabolism through MPC1 loss of function leads to mitochondrial damage and decreases chronological lifespan

Ivan Orlandi1,2, Damiano Pellegrino Coppola2 and Marina Vai1,2

This work shows that MPC1-deficient cells make up for their impairment in mitochondrial pyruvate with a metabolic rewiring which involves several intermediates of the mitochondrially localized TCA cycle and the cytosolic glyoxylate shunt but ultimately results in a pro-aging process.

Overexpression of the transcription factor Yap1 modifies intracellular redox conditions and enhances recombinant protein secretion

Marizela Delic1,2, Alexandra B. Graf2,3, Gunda Koellensperger1,4, Christina Haberhauer-Troyer1,4, Stephan Hann1,4, Diethard Mattanovich1,2, Brigitte Gasser1,2

This article investigates the role of Yap1 during the production of recombinant secretory proteins in glucose based growth conditions in Pichia pastoris, and reports a novel role of Yap1 during ER-resident oxidative protein folding.

Functional analysis of lipid metabolism genes in wine yeasts during alcoholic fermentation at low temperature

María López-Malo1,2, Estéfani García-Ríos1, Rosana Chiva1 and José Manuel Guillamon1

This study confirms the importance of specific genes in growth and fermentation activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at low temperature.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers increase tolerance of cells to copper and cisplatin

Pieter Spincemaille1,+, Gursimran Chandhok2,+, Andree Zibert2, Hartmut Schmidt2, Jef Verbeek3, Patrick Chaltin4,5, Bruno P.A. Cammue1,6,#, David Cassiman3, Karin Thevissen1,#

This study reports the identification of the drug class of Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and shows that specific ARBs increase yeast tolerance to Cu and Cp, and affect markers of Cu-induced apoptosis. Likewise, this study finds that specific ARBs increase human cell line tolerance to Cu and decrease the prevalence of apoptotic markers.

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Hormesis: a fundamental concept in biology

Edward J. Calabrese

This article addresses the concept of hormetic dose response, which describes the limits to which integrative endpoints can be modulated (i.e., enhanced or diminished) by pharmaceutical, chemical and physical means.

Live longer on MARS: a yeast paradigm of mitochondrial adaptive ROS signaling in aging

Gerald S. Shadel

In this article, the potential relevance of Mitochondrial Adaptive ROS Signaling (MARS) to the human disease Ataxia-Telangiectasia and as a potential anti-aging target is discussed.

Prokaryotic Argonautes – variations on the RNA interference theme

John van der Oost1, Daan C. Swarts1, Matthijs M. Jore1,2

This article comments on work published by Swarts et al. (Nature, 2014), which demonstrates that Argonaute family protein of the bacterium Thermus thermophilus acts as a barrier for the uptake and propagation of foreign DNA.

Longevity pathways and maintenance of the proteome: the role of autophagy and mitophagy during yeast ageing

Belém Sampaio-Marques1,2, William C. Burhans3, Paula Ludovico1,2

This review describes recent findings that shed light on how longevity pathways and metabolic status impact maintenance of the proteome in both yeast ageing paradigms. These findings demonstrate that yeast remain a powerful model system for elucidating these relationships and their influence on ageing regulation.

Secondary structures involving the poly(A) tail and other 3’ sequences are major determinants of mRNA isoform stability in yeast

Zarmik Moqtaderi#, Joseph V. Geisberg# and Kevin Struhl

This article comments on work published by Geisberg et al. (Cell (2014), which points to an important role for mRNA structure at 3’ termini in governing transcript stability, likely by reducing the interaction of the mRNA with the degradation apparatus.

De novo peroxisome biogenesis revisited

Marten Veenhuis and Ida J. van der Klei

This article comments on work published by Knoops et al. (JCB, 2014), which describes an alternative peroxisome formation pathway in yeast pex3 and pex19 cells, which relies on the existence of small peroxisomal remnants that are present in these cells.

Transcriptional and genomic mayhem due to aging-induced nucleosome loss in budding yeast

Zheng Hu1, Kaifu Chen2, Wei Li2 and Jessica K. Tyler2

This article comments on work published by Zheng et al. (Genes and Development, 2014), which investigated a loss of histones during replicative aging in budding yeast, which was also accompanied by a significantly-increased frequency of genomic instability including DNA breaks, chromosomal translocations, retrotransposition, and transfer of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome.

The Parkinson’s disease-associated protein α-synuclein disrupts stress signaling – a possible implication for methamphetamine use?

Shaoxiao Wang1 and Stephan N. Witt1,2

This article comments on work published by Wang et al. (PNAS, 2012), which reported that human α-syn, at high expression levels, disrupts stress-activated signal transduction pathways in both yeast and human neuroblastoma cells. Disruption of these signaling pathways ultimately leads to vulnerability to stress and to cell death.

Massive gene swamping among cheese-making Penicillium fungi

Jeanne Ropars1,2, Gabriela Aguileta1,2,3, Damien M. de Vienne4,5 and Tatiana Giraud1,2

This article comments on work published by Cheeseman et al. (Nat Comm, 2014), which indicates that horizontal gene transfer is a crucial mechanism of rapid adaptation, even among eukaryotes.

Metabolic pathways further increase the complexity of cell size control in budding yeast

Jorrit M. Enserink

This article comments on work published by Soma et al. (Microbial Cell, 2014), which teased apart the effect of metabolism and growth rate on setting of critical cell size in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Only functional localization is faithful localization

Roland Lill1,2,3

This article comments on work published by Peleh et al. (Microbial Cell 2014), which analyzes the localization of Dre2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Metabolites in aging and autophagy

Sabrina Schroeder1,#, Andreas Zimmermann1,#, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez1, Tobias Eisenberg1, Christoph Ruckenstuhl1, Aleksandra Andryushkova1, Tobias Pendl1, Alexandra Harger1,2 and Frank Madeo1

This article analyzes the implications of specific metabolites in aging and autophagy with special emphasis on polyamine metabolism.

One cell, one love: a journal for microbial research

Didac Carmona-Gutierrez1, Guido Kroemer2-6 and Frank Madeo1

In this inaugural article of Microbial Cell, we highlight the importance of microbial research in general and the journal's intention to serve as a publishing forum that supports and enfolds the scientific diversity in this area as it provides a unique, high-quality and universally accessible source of information and inspiration.

What’s the role of autophagy in trypanosomes?

Katherine Figarella1 and Néstor L. Uzcátegui1,2

This article comments on Proto et al. (Microbial Cell, 2014), who report first insights into the molecular mechanism of autophagy in African trypanosomes by generating reporter bloodstream form cell lines.

Loss of wobble uridine modification in tRNA anticodons interferes with TOR pathway signaling

November 29, 2014

The herein presented data suggest that proper TOR signaling requires intact tRNA modifications and that loss of U34 modifications impinges on the TOR-sensitive NCR branch via Gln3 misregulation.

Measurement of apoptosis by SCAN©, a system for counting and analysis of fluorescently labelled nuclei

November 26, 2014

This work reports on a system for analyses of apoptosis-like programmed cell death in fungal hyphae that is composed of several modules, which enable automatic quantification of nuclei with chromatin condensation and DNA strand break in large datasets according to nuclei-associated fluorescent markers.

Rewiring yeast acetate metabolism through MPC1 loss of function leads to mitochondrial damage and decreases chronological lifespan

November 18, 2014

This work shows that MPC1-deficient cells make up for their impairment in mitochondrial pyruvate with a metabolic rewiring which involves several intermediates of the mitochondrially localized TCA cycle and the cytosolic glyoxylate shunt but ultimately results in a pro-aging process.

Overexpression of the transcription factor Yap1 modifies intracellular redox conditions and enhances recombinant protein secretion

October 31, 2014

This article investigates the role of Yap1 during the production of recombinant secretory proteins in glucose based growth conditions in Pichia pastoris, and reports a novel role of Yap1 during ER-resident oxidative protein folding.

Functional analysis of lipid metabolism genes in wine yeasts during alcoholic fermentation at low temperature

October 29, 2014

This study confirms the importance of specific genes in growth and fermentation activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at low temperature.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers increase tolerance of cells to copper and cisplatin

October 24, 2014

This study reports the identification of the drug class of Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and shows that specific ARBs increase yeast tolerance to Cu and Cp, and affect markers of Cu-induced apoptosis. Likewise, this study finds that specific ARBs increase human cell line tolerance to Cu and decrease the prevalence of apoptotic markers.

Plasmodium spp. membrane glutathione S-transferases: detoxification units and drug targets

October 23, 2014

This article comments on work published by Lisewski et al. (Cell, 2014), which reported the first examples of membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism members among Plasmodium spp.

Proline cis-trans isomerization is influenced by local lysine acetylation-deacetylation

October 23, 2014

This article comments on work published by Howe et al. (Mol Cell, 2014), which shows that local lysine acetylation and deacetylation modulate proline cis-trans isomerization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

An extensive endoplasmic reticulum-localised glycoprotein family in trypanosomatids

October 1, 2014

This work describes a novel family of type I membrane proteins ("invariant glycoproteins") and proposes them as trypanosomatid-specific ER-localised glycoproteins, with potential contributions to life cycle progression and immunity, that utilise oligomerisation as an ER retention mechanism.

On the link between cell cycle and infection of the Alphaproteobacterium Brucella abortus

September 29, 2014

This article comments on work published by Deghelt et al. (Nat Comm, 2014), which describe a cell cycle arrest and resume during the Brucella abortus trafficking in host cell, suggesting that like the model Alphaproteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus, these bacteria are able to block their cell cycle at the G1 phase when starvation is sensed.

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