Review, Reviews

Bacterial maze runners reveal hidden diversity in chemotactic performance

M. Mehdi Salek1,#, Francesco Carrara1,#, Vicente Fernandez1 and Roman Stocker1

This article comments on work published by Salek et al. (Nat Commun, 2019), which combined microfluidic experiments with mathematical modeling to demonstrate that even in clonal populations, bacteria are individuals with different abilities to climb chemical gradients.

Beyond cells – The virome in the human holobiont

Rodrigo García-López1,2,3, Vicente Pérez-Brocal1,2,3 and Andrés Moya1,2,3

This article provides an overview of viromics—viral metagenomics—and its evolution, highlighting the complexity and dynamic nature of viruses beyond their traditional view as pathogens. It acknowledges the technological advancements in molecular biology and sequencing that have allowed the field to grow, while also noting that viromic research still faces significant challenges and is not as developed as bacterial metagenomics. The review underscores the importance of viruses in various ecosystems, their role in shaping the genetic landscape, and their potential impact, and looks forward to future directions in viromic research.

Laundry and textile hygiene in healthcare and beyond

Dirk P. Bockmühl1, Jan Schages1 and Laura Rehberg1

This article shows that while institutional laundering is regulated to ensure hygiene, the trend towards energy-efficient washing at lower temperatures raises concerns about the antimicrobial efficacy of domestic laundering, with a focus on addressing microbial contamination in both clinical and home settings.

Bacterial pathogens under high-tension: Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to von Willebrand factor is activated by force

Felipe Viela1, Pietro Speziale2,3, Giampiero Pietrocola2 and Yves F. Dufrêne1,4

This article comments on work published by Viela et al (mBio, 2019), which shows that the bacterial cell surface protein A to the large plasma glycoprotein von Willebrand factor interaction is tightly regulated by mechanical force.

Yeast AP-1 like transcription factors (Yap) and stress response: a current overview

Claudina Rodrigues-Pousada1, Frédéric Devaux2, Soraia M. Caetano1, Catarina Pimentel1, Sofia da Silva1, Ana Carolina Cordeiro1 and Catarina Amaral1

This review summarizes current understanding of the eight Yap transcription factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, detailing their activation by specific stress conditions and discussing their function and evolution across various fungal species.

Septin clearance from the division site triggers cytokinesis in budding yeast

Davide Tamborrini1 and Simonetta Piatti1

This article comments on work published by Tamborrini et al (Nat Commun., 2019), which shows that septin displacement during splitting is an essential prerequisite for contractile actomyosin ring constriction during mitosis.

The influence of the microbiota on immune development, chronic inflammation, and cancer in the context of aging

Taylor N. Tibbs1,#, Lacey R. Lopez1,#, and Janelle C. Arthur1,2,3

This article shows that the microbiota is crucial for immune system development and that its relationship with the immune system during aging and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, including cancer, needs further research to inform disease treatment and prevention.

Ser/Thr protein phosphatases in fungi: structure, regulation and function

Joaquín Ariño1, Diego Velázquez1 and Antonio Casamayor1

In this work we present the members of this family in S. cerevisiae and other fungal species, and review the most recent findings concerning their regulation and the roles they play in the most diverse aspects of cell biology.

Forty-five-year evolution of probiotic therapy

Scarlett Puebla-Barragan1,2 and Gregor Reid1,2

The field of probiotics has greatly expanded over the past 45 years, driven by the need for safer alternatives to drugs, interest in natural microbial products, and clinical proof of effectiveness, with scientific formulations increasingly defining the market and promising applications for various health areas expected in the future.

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Methodologies for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm agents and surface coatings against fungal biofilms

June 14, 2018

This article highlights the critical importance of accurate susceptibility testing methods and the discovery of novel antifungal and antibiofilm agents in combating invasive fungal infections associated with biofilm formation on medical devices, thereby emphasizing the need for advancements in medical mycology research to address these complex diseases.

Shepherding DNA ends: Rif1 protects telomeres and chromosome breaks

May 17, 2018

This review discusses the conserved mechanisms cells have evolved to protect DNA ends at chromosomal termini and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), focusing on the protein Rif1’s roles in telomere homeostasis and DSB repair in eukaryotes. It highlights the intriguing connection between Rif1's involvement in both telomere maintenance and DSB repair, and suggests that excluding end-processing factors may underlie Rif1's diverse biological functions at telomeres and chromosome breaks.

The CRISPR conundrum: evolve and maybe die, or survive and risk stagnation

May 16, 2018

In this article García-Martínez et al. cover how the model bacterium Escherichia coli deals with CRISPR-Cas to tackle the major dilemma of evolution versus survival.

pH homeostasis links the nutrient sensing PKA/TORC1/Sch9 ménage-à-trois to stress tolerance and longevity

January 12, 2018

In this article, Deprez et al. discuss accumulating evidence indicates that pH homeostasis plays a prominent role in the determination of ageing and longevity, thereby providing new perspectives and avenues to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Guidelines and recommendations on yeast cell death nomenclature

January 1, 2018

In this review, we propose unified criteria for the definition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death routines that are relevant for the biology of yeast.

Ras signalling in pathogenic yeasts

December 18, 2017

In this article Pentland et al. review the roles of Ras protein function and signalling in the major human yeast pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans and discuss the potential for targeting Ras as a novel approach to anti-fungal therapy.

The integrated stress response in budding yeast lifespan extension

October 24, 2017

This article summarizes how the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been instrumental in unraveling the molecular and cellular determinants of aging, and how the induction of cellular stress responses has been associated with experimental lifespan extension, thus underscoring the value of yeast as a model for developing potential aging therapies for humans.

Yeast for virus research

September 18, 2017

This article summarizes the use of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) in virus research, highlighting their advantages for studying viral replication, interaction with host cells, and fundamental cellular processes affected by viruses, while discussing their potential in analyzing small viral genomes and facilitating the discovery of antiviral drugs.

Exacerbating and reversing lysosomal storage diseases: from yeast to humans

August 25, 2017

This article summarizes the use of yeast models in advancing our understanding of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), where they have been instrumental in researching LSD mechanisms, screening for therapeutic compounds, and exploring genetic and gene-environment interactions relevant to diseases like Batten disease, cystinosis, and Niemann-Pick type C disease, as well as their connection to broader health issues such as viral infections and obesity.

Integrative metabolomics as emerging tool to study autophagy regulation

July 14, 2017

This review summarizes the advancements in metabolomics, particularly using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and its increasing role in biological research, offering insights into autophagy regulation with a focus on key metabolites, recent studies, and future prospects in elucidating complex regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and related diseases.

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